aiasfen.blogg.se - Principles of biostatistics 2nd edition answers

If there is only one possible and plausible answer to the question about the discrepancy, then a research situation does not exist.

There should be at least two possible answers or solutions to the questions or problems.

This implies that the reason(s) for this discrepancy is unclear to the researcher (so that it makes sense to develop a research question) and

A question about “why” the discrepancy exists.

There should be a perceived discrepancy between “what it is” and “what it should have been.” This implies that there should be a difference between “what exists” and the “ideal or planned situation”.

(1993), a problem will qualify as a potential research problem when the following three conditions exist: In contrast to a non-research problem, a research problem is of primary concern to a researcher.Ī research problem is a perceived difficulty, a feeling of discomfort, or a discrepancy between the common belief and reality.Īs noted by Fisher et al.

High sales in department stores after an offer of a discount.

Traffic jam in the city street after office hours.

Crisis of accommodations in sea resorts during summer.

Preferring admission in public universities over private universities.

Rises in the price of warm clothes during winter.

Here are some of the problems we frequently encounter, which may well be considered as non-research problems: Hence no research is needed to identify the factors that make this difference. The fact is that the bidders pay exorbitantly higher transport costs, which constitutes about 30% of their total cost.īlenders have significantly fewer marketing functions involving transportation, and hence their marketing cost remains at a minimum.

It is observed over the years that marketing cost is the highest for bidders, while it is the lowest for the blenders. Blenders purchase open tea from the bidders. In the tea marketing system, buying and selling tea starts from bidders. The first and foremost task in the entire process of scientific research is to identify a research problem.Ī well-identified problem will lead the researcher to accomplish all-important phases of the research process, starting from setting objectives to the selection of the research methodology. In conclusion, there is seldom any single strategy or formula for developing a successful research study, but it is important to realize that the research process is cyclical and iterative. This is to be expected and is an essential component of a good research study.īesides, it is important to examine study methods and data to be collected from different viewpoints to ensure a comprehensive approach to the research question. As a proposed study is examined and reexamined from different perspectives, it may begin to transform and take a different shape. Often, by discussing the research project with advisers and peers, one will find that new research questions need to be added, variables to be omitted, added or redefined, and other changes to be made. which lead to new ideas, revisions and improvements. The key to a successful research project ultimately lies in iteration: the process of returning again and again to the identification of the research problems, methodology, data collection, etc. The map analogy is useful for the researcher because at each stage of the research process, and there are several alternatives to follow.Ĭhoosing the best alternative in terms of time constraints, money, and human resources in our research decision is our primary goal.īefore explaining the stages of the research process, we explain the term ‘iterative’ appearing within the oval-shaped diagram at the center of the schematic diagram. A research process can be compared with a route map. It is also true that several alternatives are available to the researcher during each of the stages stated above. Violation of this sequence can cause irreparable harm to the study. Research then is a system of interdependent related stages.

It is also true that one cannot write a report (step 8) unless he has collected and analyzed data (step 7). One cannot analyze data (step 7) unless he has collected data (step 6).